Journal: Food & Nutrition Research

Article Title: Urolithin A supplementation alleviates osteogenic disfunction and promotes bone fracture healing in inflammatory environments

doi: 10.29219/fnr.v70.13033

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sequences of primers for real-time quantitative PCR analysis

Article Snippet: The antibody against IL-1 β (#HY- P80720 ) was purchased from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Food & Nutrition Research

Article Title: Urolithin A supplementation alleviates osteogenic disfunction and promotes bone fracture healing in inflammatory environments

doi: 10.29219/fnr.v70.13033

Figure Lengend Snippet: UA alleviated pro-inflammation level and the M1 macrophage activation under TNF- α induced inflammation microenvironment. (a) CCK-8 assay was utilised to assess the cell viability of RAW264.7 of UA on 12, 24 and 48 h. (b, c) The concentration of IL-1 β and IL-6 in the medium of RAW264.7 after 12 h TNF- α stimulation with or without UA by ELISA. (d) The proteins of RAW264.7 were measured by western blot after 1 day and quantitative analysis. (e) The genes were measured by qRT-PCR after 1 day. (f) Immunofluorescence staining for iNOS after 1 day after TNF- α stimulation with or without UA. Scale bars, 100 μm. (g) The quantitative analysis of Immunofluorescence by image J. All of the experiments were independently accomplished by three times. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 compared to the control group.

Article Snippet: The antibody against IL-1 β (#HY- P80720 ) was purchased from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: Activation Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control

Journal: Food & Nutrition Research

Article Title: Urolithin A supplementation alleviates osteogenic disfunction and promotes bone fracture healing in inflammatory environments

doi: 10.29219/fnr.v70.13033

Figure Lengend Snippet: UA accelerated TNF- α induced impaired bone fracture healing in a mice femur fracture model. (a) Experiment flow about animal study. (b) The representative μCT images of mouse femurs from the femur fracture + PBS, femur fracture + TNF- α and femur fracture + TNF- α + UA (50 mpk) group. (c) Graphic illustrations of BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th and Tb.Sp in the indicated groups. (d) Histological section from femur fracture region stained with H&E and Masson staining. Scale bar, 500 μm. (e) Immunohistochemistry of COL1A1 and IL-1 β of femur fracture region. Scale bar, 500 μm. (f, g) The quantitative results of immunohistochemistry by image J. (h) Histological scores of three groups. All of the experiments were independently accomplished by five times. All error bars represent SDs. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 compared to the control group.

Article Snippet: The antibody against IL-1 β (#HY- P80720 ) was purchased from MedChemExpress.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: TREM2 sustains glucose metabolic homeostasis to drive antibacterial defense during sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115415

Figure Lengend Snippet: TREM2 regulates glucose homeostasis through controlling the release of IL-1β during sepsis (A) Levels of IL-1 β and TNF-α in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli or PBS solution ( n = 18 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 −/− and WT group, n = 5 in the PBS-injected Trem2 −/− and WT group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (B) Plasma levels of IL-1 β and TNF-α at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli or PBS solution ( n = 18 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 −/− and WT group, n = 5 in the PBS-injected Trem2 −/− and WT group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (C) Levels of IL-1 β and TNF-α in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli or PBS solution ( n = 10 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 fl/fl Lyz2- Cre group, n = 15 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 fl/fl group, n = 5 in the PBS-injected Trem2 fl/fl Lyz2- Cre and Trem2 fl/fl group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (D) Plasma levels of IL-1 β and TNF-α at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli or PBS solution ( n = 10 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 fl/fl Lyz2- Cre group, n = 15 in the E. coli -injected Trem2 fl/fl group, n = 5 in PBS-injected Trem2 fl/fl Lyz2- Cre and Trem2 fl/fl group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (E) Blood glucose level in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test at 9 h. (F) Plasma insulin level at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (G) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range; the p values were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. (H) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), and the p values were analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; WT, wild type; PLF, peritoneal lavage fluid; CFU, colony-forming units.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1 β ELISA kit , Liankebio , Cat# EK201BHS-96.

Techniques: Injection, Clinical Proteomics, Comparison

Journal: iScience

Article Title: TREM2 sustains glucose metabolic homeostasis to drive antibacterial defense during sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115415

Figure Lengend Snippet: TREM2 deficiency triggers F4/80 + peritoneal macrophages from pyroptosis (A) Pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p value was determined by Student’s t test. (B) Immunoblot of caspase-1 and IL-1 β in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli . Representative image from three independent experiments is shown. (C) LDH level in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p value was determined by Student’s t test. (D) Immunoblot of caspase-1, GSDMD, and IL-1 β in the cells and supernatants of Trem2 −/− and WT peritoneal macrophages after incubation with heat-killed E. coli for 9 h. Representative image from three independent experiments is shown. (E) LDH level in the supernatants of Trem2 −/− and WT peritoneal macrophages after incubation with heat-killed E. coli for 9 h ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (F) Blood glucose level in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test at 9 h. (G–H) Plasma levels of IL-1 β and insulin at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (I) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range, the p values were determined by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. (J) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 in the WT → WT group, n = 10 in other groups); the p values were analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; WT, wild type; PI, propidium iodide; PLF, Peritoneal lavage fluid; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; SN, supernatant.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1 β ELISA kit , Liankebio , Cat# EK201BHS-96.

Techniques: Injection, Western Blot, Incubation, Comparison, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: iScience

Article Title: TREM2 sustains glucose metabolic homeostasis to drive antibacterial defense during sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115415

Figure Lengend Snippet: TREM2 deficiency-mediated IL-1 β release promotes insulin production through islet IL-1R1 receptor (A) Blood glucose level in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test at 9 h. (B) Plasma insulin level at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (C) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 per group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range, the p values were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. (D) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 9 per group); the p values were analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. (E) Plasma IL-1 β level at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 10 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (F) Blood glucose level in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 10 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by Student’s t test at 9 h. (G) Plasma insulin level at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 10 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by Student’s t test. (H) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 10 per group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range; the p values were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. (I) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 16 in the Trem2 −/− → Il1r1 fl/fl Pdx1 -Cre group, n = 14 in the Trem2 −/− → Il1r1 fl/fl group), the p value was analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; WT, wild type; CFU, colony-forming units.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1 β ELISA kit , Liankebio , Cat# EK201BHS-96.

Techniques: Injection, Comparison, Clinical Proteomics, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: iScience

Article Title: TREM2 sustains glucose metabolic homeostasis to drive antibacterial defense during sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115415

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose supplementation protects the host from lethal outcomes during sepsis (A) Blood glucose level in septic mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 17 in the glucose-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 16 in the glucose-treated WT group, n = 15 in the saline-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 17 in the saline-treated WT group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test at 9 h. (B-C) Plasma levels of IL-1 β and insulin at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 17 in the glucose-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 16 in the glucose-treated WT group, n = 15 in the saline-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 17 in the saline-treated WT group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (D) Bacterial load in the livers and spleens at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 17 in the glucose-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 16 in the glucose-treated WT group, n = 15 in the saline-treated Trem2 −/− group, n = 17 in the saline-treated WT group), data are presented as median ± interquartile range, the p values were determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’s post hoc test. (E) Percentage survival of mice after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 12 per group), the p values were analyzed by the Mantel-Cox test. (F) Death of peritoneal macrophages at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, the p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. (G) LDH level in PLF at 9 h after the intraperitoneal injection of E. coli ( n = 6 per group), data are presented as mean ± SEM, and the p values were determined by Student’s t test. TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; WT, wild type; PI, propidium iodide; PLF, peritoneal lavage fluid; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; CFU, colony-forming units.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-1 β ELISA kit , Liankebio , Cat# EK201BHS-96.

Techniques: Injection, Saline, Comparison, Clinical Proteomics